Prothrombin Complex Concentrates Can Reverse Blood Thinning Effects of XARELTO(R) (rivaroxaban)
Study Presented Today at the International Society on Thrombosis and Haemostasis Annual Meeting
RARITAN, N.J., July 2, 2013 /PRNewswire/ -- Janssen Research & Development, LLC (Janssen) announced today results of an open label, single-center, parallel group study showing that a type of medication called prothrombin complex concentrates (PCCs) can reverse the blood thinning effects of XARELTO(R) (rivaroxaban) in healthy subjects.
"PCCs can be used to reverse the blood thinning effects of anticoagulants such as warfarin and are important in emergency situations involving uncontrolled bleeding," said Dr. Marcel Levi, Professor of Medicine and Dean of Medicine at the Academic Medical Center of the University of Amsterdam. "These data provide additional information on how to potentially reverse the anticoagulant effects of XARELTO(R) ."
The study, presented today as an oral session at the International Society on Thrombosis and Haemostasis Annual Meeting in the Netherlands, evaluated three- and four-factor PCCs in 34 healthy adults treated with 20 mg of XARELTO(R) . Participants were treated with XARELTO(R) twice a day for four days. On the fifth day, participants received either a 50 IU/kg single bolus dose -- quickly administered intravenously -- of three-factor PCC (Profilnine SD), a four-factor PCC (Beriplex P/N), or a 100 mL single bolus dose of saline as a control.
Both three- and four-factor PCCs were found to partially reverse the XARELTO(R) -induced prolongation of the prothrombin time (PT) -- the time it takes the blood to clot -- in healthy subjects, with the latter reducing the mean PT by 2.5 to 3.5 seconds (versus a 0.6 to 1.0 second reduction associated with three-factor PCC). Conversely, three-factor PCC had a greater effect on the reversal of XARELTO(R) -induced changes in endogenous thrombin potential (ETP) -- the total amount of thrombin generated during the test -- than four-factor PCC.
There is currently no approved reversal agent for XARELTO(R) . In February 2013, Janssen announced a clinical collaboration agreement with Portola Pharmaceuticals, Inc. and Bayer HealthCare to evaluate the safety of PRT4445 -- an investigational-stage antidote for Factor Xa inhibitors -- in healthy volunteers who have been administered XARELTO(R) . The study is evaluating several dosage strengths of PRT4445 and its potential ability to reverse the anticoagulant activity of XARELTO(R) in emergency situations.
"XARELTO(R) is effective across multiple clinical uses in the U.S. and we are making inroads on ways the drug can be rapidly reversed when the need arises," said Troy Sarich, Vice President, Compound Development Team Leader at Janssen. "Our research into additional reversal strategies is helping to transform the science into medical solutions for the people who need them."
XARELTO(R) is the most prescribed novel oral anticoagulant in the U.S. market today and is approved for six clinical uses in the U.S. It has earned the strongest reimbursement profile among novel anticoagulants, with 85 percent of patients on Medicare Part D and 85 percent of commercial patients covered at the lowest branded co-pay. To date, more than 5 million patients have received XARELTO(R) worldwide and more than 2 million prescriptions have been written for XARELTO(R) in the U.S.
About XARELTO(R) (rivaroxaban)
XARELTO(R) works by blocking the blood clotting Factor Xa. XARELTO(R) does not require routine blood monitoring. XARELTO(R) is the only Factor Xa inhibitor approved for six distinct uses:
1. To reduce the risk of blood clots in the legs and lungs of people who
have just had knee replacement surgery.
2. To reduce the risk of blood clots in the legs and lungs of people who
have just had hip replacement surgery.
3. To reduce the risk of both hemorrhagic and thrombotic strokes as well as
other blood clots in people with atrial fibrillation not caused by a
heart valve problem. There is limited information on how XARELTO(R)
compares to a medicine called warfarin in reducing the risk of stroke
when the effects of warfarin are well controlled.
4. To treat people with pulmonary embolism (PE).
5. To treat people with deep vein thrombosis (DVT).
6. To reduce the risk of recurrence of DVT or PE following an initial six
months of treatment for acute venous thromboembolism.
The extensive program of clinical trials evaluating rivaroxaban makes the compound the most studied oral Factor Xa inhibitor in the world today. By the time of its completion, more than 100,000 participants will have participated in the rivaroxaban clinical development program.
Janssen Research & Development, LLC, and Bayer HealthCare together are developing rivaroxaban.
For more information about XARELTO(R) , visit www.xarelto-us.com. The XARELTO(R) CarePath(TM) Support Program is a resource designed for healthcare providers, patients and caregivers. Visit www.xareltocarepath.com or call 1-888-XARELTO to learn more about the XARELTO(R) CarePath(TM) resources focused on access, education and adherence.
IMPORTANT SAFETY INFORMATION
WHAT IS THE MOST IMPORTANT INFORMATION I SHOULD KNOW ABOUT XARELTO(R) ?
-- For people taking XARELTO(R) for atrial fibrillation:People with atrial
fibrillation (an irregular heart beat) are at an increased risk of
forming a blood clot in the heart, which can travel to the brain, causing
a stroke, or to other parts of the body. XARELTO(R) lowers your chance of
having a stroke by helping to prevent clots from forming. If you stop
taking XARELTO(R), you may have increased risk of forming a clot in your
blood.Do not stop taking XARELTO(R) without talking to the doctor who
prescribes it for you. Stopping XARELTO(R) increases your risk of having
a stroke.If you have to stop taking XARELTO(R), your doctor may prescribe
another blood thinner medicine to prevent a blood clot from forming.
-- XARELTO(R) can cause bleeding, which can be serious, and rarely may lead
to death. This is because XARELTO(R) is a blood thinner medicine that
reduces blood clotting. While you take XARELTO(R) you are likely to
bruise more easily and it may take longer for bleeding to stop.
You may have a higher risk of bleeding if you take XARELTO(R) and take other medicines that increase your risk of bleeding, including:
-- Aspirin or aspirin-containing products
-- Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs)
-- Warfarin sodium (Coumadin(R), Jantoven(R))
-- Any medicine that contains heparin
-- Clopidogrel (Plavix(R))
-- Other medicines to prevent or treat blood clots
Tell your doctor if you take any of these medicines. Ask your doctor or pharmacist if you are not sure if your medicine is one listed above.
Call your doctor or get medical help right away if you develop any of these signs or symptoms of bleeding:
-- Unexpected bleeding or bleeding that lasts a long time, such as:
-- Nosebleeds that happen often
-- Unusual bleeding from gums
-- Menstrual bleeding that is heavier than normal, or vaginal bleeding
-- Bleeding that is severe or that you cannot control
-- Red, pink, or brown urine
-- Bright red or black stools (looks like tar)
-- Cough up blood or blood clots
-- Vomit blood or your vomit looks like "coffee grounds"
-- Headaches, feeling dizzy or weak
-- Pain, swelling, or new drainage at wound sites
Spinal or epidural blood clots (hematoma): People who take a blood thinner medicine (anticoagulant) like XARELTO(R) , and have medicine injected into their spinal and epidural area, or have a spinal puncture, have a risk of forming a blood clot that can cause long-term or permanent loss of the ability to move (paralysis). Your risk of developing a spinal or epidural blood clot is higher if:
-- A thin tube called an epidural catheter is placed in your back to give
you certain medicine
-- You take NSAIDs or a medicine to prevent blood from clotting
-- You have a history of difficult or repeated epidural or spinal punctures
-- You have a history of problems with your spine or have had surgery on
your spine
If you take XARELTO(R) and receive spinal anesthesia or have a spinal puncture, your doctor should watch you closely for symptoms of spinal or epidural blood clots. Tell your doctor right away if you have tingling, numbness, or muscle weakness, especially in your legs and feet.
WHO SHOULD NOT TAKE XARELTO(R) ?
Do not take XARELTO(R) if you:
-- Currently have certain types of abnormal bleeding. Talk to your doctor
before taking XARELTO(R) if you currently have unusual bleeding.
-- Are allergic to rivaroxaban or any of the ingredients of XARELTO(R).
WHAT SHOULD I TELL MY DOCTOR BEFORE OR WHILE TAKING XARELTO(R) ?
Before taking XARELTO(R) , tell your doctor if you:
-- Have ever had bleeding problems
-- Have liver or kidney problems
-- Have any other medical condition
-- Are pregnant or plan to become pregnant. It is not known if XARELTO(R)
will harm your unborn baby. Tell your doctor right away if you become
pregnant while taking XARELTO(R). If you take XARELTO(R) during
pregnancy, tell your doctor right away if you have bleeding or symptoms
of blood loss.
-- Are breastfeeding or plan to breastfeed. It is not known if XARELTO(R)
passes into your breast milk. You and your doctor should decide if you
will take XARELTO(R) or breastfeed.
Tell all of your doctors and dentists that you are taking XARELTO(R) . They should talk to the doctor who prescribed XARELTO(R) for you before you have any surgery, medical or dental procedure.
Tell your doctor about all the medicines you take, including prescription and nonprescription medicines, vitamins, and herbal supplements. Some of your other medicines may affect the way XARELTO(R) works. Certain medicines may increase your risk of bleeding. See "What is the most important information I should know about XARELTO(R) ?"
Especially tell your doctor if you take:
-- Ketoconazole (Nizoral(R))
-- Itraconazole (Onmel(TM), Sporanox(R))
-- Ritonavir (Norvir(R))
-- Lopinavir/ritonavir (Kaletra(R))
-- Indinavir (Crixivan(R))
-- Carbamazepine (Carbatrol(R), Equetro(R), Tegretol(R), Tegretol(R)-XR,
Teril(TM), Epitol(R))
-- Phenytoin (Dilantin-125(R), Dilantin(R))
-- Phenobarbital (Solfoton(TM))
-- Rifampin (Rifater(R), Rifamate(R), Rimactane(R), Rifadin(R))
-- St. John's wort (Hypericum perforatum)
Ask your doctor if you are not sure if your medicine is one listed above. Know the medicines you take. Keep a list of them to show your doctor and pharmacist when you get a new medicine.
HOW SHOULD I TAKE XARELTO(R) ?
Take XARELTO(R) exactly as prescribed by your doctor.
Do not change your dose or stop taking XARELTO(R) unless your doctor tells you to.
-- Your doctor will tell you how much XARELTO(R) to take and when to take
it.
-- Your doctor may change your dose if needed.
If you take XARELTO(R) for:
-- Atrial Fibrillation: Take XARELTO(R) 1 time a day with your evening meal.
-- If you miss a dose of XARELTO(R), take it as soon as you remember on the
same day. Take your next dose at your regularly scheduled time.
-- Blood clots in the veins of your legs or lungs:
-- Take XARELTO(R) once or twice a day as prescribed by your doctor.
-- Take XARELTO(R) with food at the same time each day.
-- If you miss a dose of XARELTO(R):
-- and take XARELTO(R) 2 times a day: Take XARELTO(R) as soon
as you remember on the same day. You may take 2 doses at
the same time to make up for the missed dose. Take your
next dose at your regularly scheduled time.
-- and take XARELTO(R) 1 time a day: Take XARELTO(R) as soon
as you remember on the same day. Take your next dose at
your regularly scheduled time.
-- Hip or knee replacement surgery: Take XARELTO(R) 1 time a day with or
without food. If you miss a dose of XARELTO(R), take it as soon as you
remember on the same day. Take your next dose at your regularly
scheduled time.
-- If you have difficulty swallowing the tablet whole, talk to your doctor
about other ways to take XARELTO(R).
-- Your doctor will decide how long you should take XARELTO(R). Do not stop
taking XARELTO(R) without talking to your doctor first.
-- Your doctor may stop XARELTO(R) for a short time before any surgery,
medical or dental procedure. Your doctor will tell you when to start
taking XARELTO(R) again after your surgery or procedure.
-- Do not run out of XARELTO(R). Refill your prescription for XARELTO(R)
before you run out. When leaving the hospital following a hip or knee
replacement, be sure that you have XARELTO(R) available to avoid missing
any doses.
-- If you take too much XARELTO(R), go to the nearest hospital emergency
room or call your doctor right away.
WHAT ARE THE POSSIBLE SIDE EFFECTS OF XARELTO(R) ?
Please see "What is the most important information I should know about XARELTO(R) ?"
Tell your doctor if you have any side effect that bothers you or that does not go away.
Call your doctor for medical advice about side effects. You are also encouraged to report side effects to the FDA: visit http://www.fda.gov/medwatch or call 1-800-FDA-1088. You may also report side effects to Janssen Pharmaceuticals, Inc., at 1-800-JANSSEN (1-800-526-7736).
Please click here for full prescribing information, including Boxed Warnings and the Medication Guide.
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About Janssen
At Janssen, we are dedicated to addressing and solving some of the most important unmet medical needs of our time in oncology, immunology, neuroscience, infectious diseases and vaccines, and cardiovascular and metabolic diseases. Driven by our commitment to patients, we develop innovative products, services and healthcare solutions to help people throughout the world. Janssen Research & Development, LLC and Janssen Pharmaceuticals, Inc. are part of the Janssen Pharmaceutical Companies of Johnson & Johnson. Please visit http://www.janssenrnd.com for more information.
(This press release contains "forward-looking statements" as defined in the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. The reader is cautioned not to rely on these forward-looking statements. These statements are based on current expectations of future events. If underlying assumptions prove inaccurate or unknown risks or uncertainties materialize, actual results could vary materially from the expectations and projections of Janssen Research & Development, LLC and/or Johnson & Johnson. Risks and uncertainties include, but are not limited to, general industry conditions and competition; economic factors, such as interest rate and currency exchange rate fluctuations; technological advances, new products and patents attained by competitors; challenges inherent in new product development, including obtaining regulatory approvals; challenges to patents; changes in behavior and spending patterns or financial distress of purchasers of health care products and services; changes to governmental laws and regulations and domestic and foreign health care reforms; trends toward health care cost containment; and increased scrutiny of the health care industry by government agencies. A further list and description of these risks, uncertainties and other factors can be found in Exhibit 99 of Johnson & Johnson's Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 30, 2012. Copies of this Form 10-K, as well as subsequent filings, are available online at www.sec.gov, www.jnj.com or on request from Johnson & Johnson. Neither Janssen Research & Development, LLC nor Johnson & Johnson undertake to update any forward-looking statements as a result of new information or future events or developments.)
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